100+ Native American Tribes: A Comprehensive List of Names

Exploring the rich tapestry of Native American history, culture, and nations is an enriching journey. This comprehensive list serves as a starting point to learn about the diverse array of Indigenous peoples who have inhabited the lands now known as the United States and Canada for centuries.

Understanding the Diverse Landscape of Native American Tribes

The term “Native American” encompasses a vast and complex array of distinct cultures, languages, and histories. It’s crucial to recognize that “tribe” is a broad term and can be understood in different ways. Many Indigenous communities prefer to call themselves “nations” or use their own specific tribal names.

Important Notes:

This list is not exhaustive. It aims to provide a starting point for further exploration, focusing on tribes with current recognition by the U.S. government.
Tribal names and spellings vary. Some tribes have multiple names, while others have different spellings based on historical documentation or language variations.
Indigenous peoples are not a monolith. Each tribe possesses its own unique traditions, languages, and stories.

Navigating the List:

The list below is organized alphabetically for easy reference. Each entry includes:

Tribal Name: The most common name used for the tribe.
Current Recognition: Indicates if the tribe is federally recognized in the U.S. or has similar recognition in Canada.
Location: General geographic area where the tribe historically resided.
Noteworthy Information: Brief highlights about the tribe’s history, culture, or significance.

100+ Native American Tribes

Acoma Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their stunning cliff dwellings and rich pottery traditions.
Ak-Chin Indian Community (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Operates a successful casino and economic development programs.
Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas (Texas) – Federally Recognized. One of two remaining tribes in Texas with historical ties dating back centuries.
Aleut (Alaska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their traditional seafaring and maritime skills.
Algonquin (Eastern North America) – Not Federally Recognized. Historically a large and powerful group with diverse languages and customs.
Apache (Southwest United States) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, intricate beadwork, and enduring traditions.
Arapaho (Wyoming, Colorado) – Federally Recognized. Known for their vibrant beadwork, intricate storytelling, and strong cultural identity.
Assiniboine (Montana, North and South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their skills as hunters and their unique language and cultural practices.
Atka Aleut (Alaska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their rich history and resilience in adapting to changing environments.
Atikamekw (Quebec, Canada) – Recognized by the Canadian government. Known for their unique language, traditional crafts, and strong community spirit.

Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Lakes, fishing traditions, and cultural resilience.
Bannock (Idaho, Oregon) – Federally Recognized. Known for their horseback riding skills, strong cultural identity, and connection to the Shoshone people.
Blackfeet (Montana) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, traditional crafts, and strong connection to the land.
Blood Tribe (Alberta, Canada) – Recognized by the Canadian government. One of the largest First Nations groups in Canada, known for their resilience and cultural preservation.
Brothertown Indians (New York) – Federally Recognized. Known for their rich history and traditions, including the Brothertown Treaty of 1792.
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) – A federal agency responsible for administering programs for Native Americans in the United States.

Caddo (Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana) – Federally Recognized. Known for their intricate pottery, agriculture, and historical connection to the Mississippi River Valley.
Cajun (Louisiana) – Not Federally Recognized. A cultural group descended from Acadian settlers who were expelled from Nova Scotia and settled in Louisiana.
California Indian Tribes – Collectively represent a wide diversity of cultures, languages, and histories. Many tribes continue to fight for recognition and sovereignty.
Cayuga (New York, Ontario) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their craftsmanship, governance, and cultural traditions.
Cherokee (North Carolina, Oklahoma, Georgia) – Federally Recognized. Known for their rich culture, language, and historical resilience, including the Trail of Tears.
Cheyenne (Montana, Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, nomadic lifestyle, and traditional Plains Indian customs.
Chickasaw (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical resilience, strong cultural traditions, and economic development programs.
Chippewa (Great Lakes region) – Federally Recognized. A large and diverse group of Ojibwe-language speaking people with strong ties to the land, water, and tradition.
Choctaw (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical resilience, cultural contributions, and economic development programs.
Citizen Potawatomi Nation (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Embraces the traditional ways of the Potawatomi people, including language, cultural arts, and ceremonies.
Comanche (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, horsemanship skills, and historical dominance on the Southern Great Plains.
Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Comprised of various tribes, including the Colville, Okanogan, and Methow, sharing a commitment to cultural preservation.
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (Montana) – Federally Recognized. A unique alliance of three tribes, known for their connection to the Flathead Lake area and their cultural traditions.
Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians (Oregon) – Federally Recognized. A diverse group of tribes united under the Siletz Reservation, preserving their collective heritage.
Coquille Indian Tribe of Oregon (Oregon)– Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Coquille River, traditional dances, and ongoing efforts to revitalize their language and culture.
Crow (Montana) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, strong cultural identity, and connection to the Crow Reservation.
Cumberland Indian Tribe of Kentucky (Kentucky) – Federally Recognized.
Cupeño (California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, stories, and cultural traditions, including their connection to the Santa Rosa Mountains.
Custer County Indian Tribe (South Dakota) – Not Federally Recognized.

Dakota (Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. A large group of tribes speaking the Dakota language, known for their strong cultural identity and traditions.
Delaware (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Historically a large and powerful tribe, now known for their cultural preservation efforts and connection to the Lenape people.
Diegueño (California, Baja California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their rich language, traditional dances, and connection to the land.
Dine (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah) – Federally Recognized. Also known as the Navajo, they are known for their unique language, weaving traditions, and connection to the Four Corners region.

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (North Carolina) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Smoky Mountains, traditional crafts, and cultural preservation efforts.

Fort Belknap Indian Community (Montana) – Federally Recognized. A community of Assiniboine and Gros Ventre people, known for their resilience and dedication to their language and culture.
Fort Berthold Indian Reservation (North Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Home to the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara tribes, known for their agricultural traditions and connection to the Missouri River.
Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes (Montana) – Federally Recognized. A unique partnership between the Assiniboine and Sioux peoples, known for their strong cultural identity and traditions.
Fox (Iowa, Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Historically known for warrior culture, their connection to the Mississippi River, and their vibrant arts and crafts.

Gila River Indian Community (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. A community of Pima and Maricopa people, known for their agricultural traditions, cultural resilience, and economic development programs.
Grand Ronde Community of Oregon (Oregon) – Federally Recognized. A diverse group of tribes united under the Grand Ronde Reservation, committed to cultural preservation.

Haida (British Columbia, Alaska) – Recognized by the Canadian government and Federally Recognized. Known for their intricate wood carving, storytelling, and strong coastal culture.
Haliwa-Saponi (North Carolina) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to North Carolina, language preservation efforts, and cultural traditions.
Hopi (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their elaborate ceremonies, unique language, and connection to the Hopi Mesas.

Iroquois Confederacy (New York, Ontario) – A powerful alliance of six nations, including the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora, known for their political system, language, and cultural traditions.
Inupiaq (Alaska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their skills as hunters, their connection to the Arctic environment, and their rich cultural traditions.

Jemez Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Jicarilla Apache (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional crafts, and connection to the Jicarilla Apache Reservation.

Kalispel Tribe of Indians (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Spokane River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural preservation efforts.
Kiowa (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, storytelling traditions, and connection to the Southern Plains.
Kootenai (Montana, Idaho, British Columbia) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Kootenai River, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Kumeyaay (California, Baja California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the land, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.

Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe (Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Lac Courte Oreilles Lake, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural preservation efforts.
Lakota (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Montana) – Also known as the Teton Sioux, they are known for their warrior culture, connection to the Black Hills, and rich cultural traditions.
Lower Brule Sioux Tribe (South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Missouri River, their traditional dances, and their cultural resilience.
Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina (North Carolina) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique history and culture, their connection to the Lumbee River, and their strong community spirit.

Maidu (California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional basketry, and connection to the Sierra Nevada mountains.
Mandan (North Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Missouri River, their agricultural traditions, and their unique language.
Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin (Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Menominee River, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Miami Tribe of Oklahoma (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Great Lakes region, their language preservation efforts, and their cultural traditions.
Micmac (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec) – Recognized by the Canadian government. Known for their connection to the Atlantic Coast, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians (Mississippi) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Mississippi River, their traditional dances, and their cultural resilience.
Mohawk (New York, Ontario, Quebec) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their warrior culture, connection to the Mohawk River, and traditional crafts.
Mohegan Tribe (Connecticut) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to Connecticut, their cultural traditions, and their economic development programs.

Nanticoke (Maryland, Delaware) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Chesapeake Bay, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Navajo (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah) – Also known as the Dine, they are known for their unique language, weaving traditions, and connection to the Four Corners region.
Nez Perce (Idaho) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Nez Perce Trail, their peaceful resistance to U.S. expansion, and their cultural traditions.
Nipissing First Nation (Ontario, Canada) – Recognized by the Canadian government. Historically known for their connection to Lake Nipissing, traditional hunting and fishing practices, and cultural resilience.

Odawa (Michigan, Wisconsin) – Also known as the Ottawa, they are known for their connection to the Great Lakes, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural traditions.
Oglala Lakota (South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Black Hills, their historical resistance to U.S. expansion, and their cultural resilience.
Oneida (New York, Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their connection to the Oneida Lake, their cultural traditions, and their economic development programs.
Onondaga (New York) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their connection to Onondaga Lake, their cultural traditions, and their role in Iroquois governance.
Osage (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Plains, their unique language, and their historical resilience.
Ottawa (Michigan, Wisconsin) – Also known as the Odawa, they are known for their connection to the Great Lakes, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural traditions.

Paiute (Nevada, Oregon, California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Basin, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Pascua Yaqui Tribe (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Yaqui River, their traditional dances, and their cultural resilience.
Pawnee (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Plains, their historical resilience, and their unique language and cultural traditions.
Penobscot Nation (Maine) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Penobscot River, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Peoria Tribe of Indians (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Illinois River, their cultural traditions, and their language preservation efforts.
Pima (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Gila River, their agricultural traditions, and their cultural resilience.
Potawatomi (Michigan, Wisconsin, Kansas, Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Lakes, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural traditions.
Pueblo Tribes (New Mexico, Arizona) – Collectively represent a group of 19 tribes, each with their own unique language, cultural traditions, and connection to the land.
Puyallup Tribe of Indians (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to Puget Sound, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.

Quechan (Arizona, California) – Federally Recognized. Also known as the Yuma, they are known for their connection to the Colorado River, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians (Minnesota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to Red Lake, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Rosebud Sioux Tribe (South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Rosebud Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.

Sac and Fox Nation (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Historically known for their warrior culture, connection to the Mississippi River, and vibrant arts and crafts.
Salish (Washington, British Columbia) – Collectively represent a group of tribes speaking Salish languages, known for their connection to the Pacific Northwest, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural traditions.
San Carlos Apache Tribe (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the San Carlos Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Santa Ana Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Santa Clara Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Santa Domingo Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Santo Domingo Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Santee Sioux Nation (Nebraska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Missouri River, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Sauk (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Mississippi River, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Seneca (New York, Ontario) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their connection to the Genesee River, their cultural traditions, and their historical resilience.
Seminole Tribe of Florida (Florida) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical resilience, their connection to the Everglades, and their cultural traditions.
Shawnee (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Ohio River Valley, their language preservation efforts, and their cultural traditions.
Shoshone (Idaho, Nevada, Utah) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Basin, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Sioux (Great Plains) – A large group of tribes speaking Siouan languages, known for their warrior culture, connection to the Great Plains, and rich cultural traditions.
Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate (South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Sisseton Wahpeton Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Skagit Tribe (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Skagit River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.
Snoqualmie Tribe (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Snoqualmie River, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Southern Ute Indian Tribe (Colorado) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Southern Ute Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Spokane Tribe of Indians (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Spokane River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe (North Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Missouri River, their historical resistance to U.S. expansion, and their cultural resilience.
St. Regis Mohawk Tribe (New York) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the St. Lawrence River, their cultural traditions, and their economic development programs.

Taos Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Tlingit (Alaska, British Columbia) – Recognized by the Canadian government and Federally Recognized. Known for their intricate totem poles, storytelling, and strong coastal culture.
Tohono O’odham Nation (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Sonoran Desert, their traditional agriculture, and their cultural resilience.
Tonkawa (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to Texas, their language preservation efforts, and their cultural traditions.
Tsimshian (British Columbia) – Recognized by the Canadian government. Known for their intricate art, unique language, and their strong coastal culture.
Tuscarora (New York) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their connection to the Tuscarora River, their cultural traditions, and their historical resilience.
Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians (North Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Turtle Mountain Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.

Umatilla Tribe (Oregon) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Umatilla River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.
Unangan (Alaska) – Also known as the Aleut, they are known for their traditional seafaring and maritime skills.
Ute (Utah, Colorado) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Rocky Mountains, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.

Viejo Band of Mission Indians (California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Viejos Reservation, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Nevada, California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to Lake Tahoe, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) (Massachusetts) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Pilgrims, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Great Plains, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska (Nebraska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Great Lakes region, their cultural traditions, and their language preservation efforts.
Wisconsin Oneida Nation (Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Oneida Lake in Wisconsin, their cultural traditions, and their economic development programs.

Yakama Nation (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Yakima River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.
Yavapai-Apache Nation (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Yavapai Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Yuchi (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Southeastern United States, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Yuma (Arizona, California) – Also known as the Quechan, they are known for their connection to the Colorado River, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.

Zuni Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and their strong community spirit.

Understanding Federal Recognition

Federal recognition by the U.S. government acknowledges a tribe’s sovereign status and allows for certain rights and benefits, including:

Self-governance: Tribes maintain the right to govern their own affairs.
Land ownership: Tribes hold land in trust by the U.S. government.
Funding: Tribes receive funding for various programs and services.
Legal standing: Recognition grants tribes standing to sue in federal court.

Beyond the List: Continued Exploration

This list provides a glimpse into the diverse world of Native American tribes. To delve deeper, consider exploring resources like:

National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI): Offers a comprehensive overview of Native American history, culture, and arts. https://www.nmai.si.edu/
Native American Rights Fund (NARF): Provides legal assistance and advocacy to Native American tribes. https://www.narf.org/
Tribal websites: Many tribes maintain their own websites with information about their history, culture, and services.

FAQ

Q: What is the difference between “tribe” and “nation”?

A: While “tribe” is a common term, many Indigenous communities prefer “nation” to emphasize their sovereignty and distinct political identities.

Q: Are all Native American tribes federally recognized?

A: No. There are many tribes that are not federally recognized, often due to historical circumstances or the complexities of the recognition process.

Q: How can I support Native American tribes?

A: There are many ways to support Native American communities:

Learn about their history and culture.
Support Native-owned businesses.
Donate to organizations that advocate for Native American rights.
Engage with Native American art and storytelling.

Conclusion

This comprehensive list offers a starting point for exploring the vast and vibrant world of Native American tribes. While recognizing the diversity within Indigenous communities, it’s important to appreciate their enduring resilience, cultural contributions, and ongoing efforts to preserve their unique identities. By learning about these tribes, we can foster greater understanding, respect, and collaboration for a more inclusive future.

100+ Native American Tribes: A Comprehensive List of Names

Understanding the Diverse Landscape of Native American Tribes

Important Notes:

This list is not exhaustive. It aims to provide a starting point for further exploration, focusing on tribes with current recognition by the U.S. government.
Tribal names and spellings vary. Some tribes have multiple names, while others have different spellings based on historical documentation or language variations.
Indigenous peoples are not a monolith. Each tribe possesses its own unique traditions, languages, and stories.

Navigating the List:

The list below is organized alphabetically for easy reference. Each entry includes:

Tribal Name: The most common name used for the tribe.
Current Recognition: Indicates if the tribe is federally recognized in the U.S. or has similar recognition in Canada.
Location: General geographic area where the tribe historically resided.
Noteworthy Information: Brief highlights about the tribe’s history, culture, or significance.

100+ Native American Tribes

Acoma Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their stunning cliff dwellings and rich pottery traditions.
Ak-Chin Indian Community (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Operates a successful casino and economic development programs.
Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas (Texas) – Federally Recognized. One of two remaining tribes in Texas with historical ties dating back centuries.
Aleut (Alaska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their traditional seafaring and maritime skills.
Algonquin (Eastern North America) – Not Federally Recognized. Historically a large and powerful group with diverse languages and customs.
Apache (Southwest United States) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, intricate beadwork, and enduring traditions.
Arapaho (Wyoming, Colorado) – Federally Recognized. Known for their vibrant beadwork, intricate storytelling, and strong cultural identity.
Assiniboine (Montana, North and South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their skills as hunters and their unique language and cultural practices.
Atka Aleut (Alaska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their rich history and resilience in adapting to changing environments.
Atikamekw (Quebec, Canada) – Recognized by the Canadian government. Known for their unique language, traditional crafts, and strong community spirit.

Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Lakes, fishing traditions, and cultural resilience.
Bannock (Idaho, Oregon) – Federally Recognized. Known for their horseback riding skills, strong cultural identity, and connection to the Shoshone people.
Blackfeet (Montana) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, traditional crafts, and strong connection to the land.
Blood Tribe (Alberta, Canada) – Recognized by the Canadian government. One of the largest First Nations groups in Canada, known for their resilience and cultural preservation.
Brothertown Indians (New York) – Federally Recognized. Known for their rich history and traditions, including the Brothertown Treaty of 1792.
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) – A federal agency responsible for administering programs for Native Americans in the United States.

Caddo (Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana) – Federally Recognized. Known for their intricate pottery, agriculture, and historical connection to the Mississippi River Valley.
Cajun (Louisiana) – Not Federally Recognized. A cultural group descended from Acadian settlers who were expelled from Nova Scotia and settled in Louisiana.
California Indian Tribes – Collectively represent a wide diversity of cultures, languages, and histories. Many tribes continue to fight for recognition and sovereignty.
Cayuga (New York, Ontario) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their craftsmanship, governance, and cultural traditions.
Cherokee (North Carolina, Oklahoma, Georgia) – Federally Recognized. Known for their rich culture, language, and historical resilience, including the Trail of Tears.
Cheyenne (Montana, Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, nomadic lifestyle, and traditional Plains Indian customs.
Chickasaw (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical resilience, strong cultural traditions, and economic development programs.
Chippewa (Great Lakes region) – Federally Recognized. A large and diverse group of Ojibwe-language speaking people with strong ties to the land, water, and tradition.
Choctaw (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical resilience, cultural contributions, and economic development programs.
Citizen Potawatomi Nation (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Embraces the traditional ways of the Potawatomi people, including language, cultural arts, and ceremonies.
Comanche (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, horsemanship skills, and historical dominance on the Southern Great Plains.
Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Comprised of various tribes, including the Colville, Okanogan, and Methow, sharing a commitment to cultural preservation.
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (Montana) – Federally Recognized. A unique alliance of three tribes, known for their connection to the Flathead Lake area and their cultural traditions.
Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians (Oregon) – Federally Recognized. A diverse group of tribes united under the Siletz Reservation, preserving their collective heritage.
Coquille Indian Tribe of Oregon (Oregon)– Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Coquille River, traditional dances, and ongoing efforts to revitalize their language and culture.
Crow (Montana) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, strong cultural identity, and connection to the Crow Reservation.
Cumberland Indian Tribe of Kentucky (Kentucky) – Federally Recognized.
Cupeño (California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, stories, and cultural traditions, including their connection to the Santa Rosa Mountains.
Custer County Indian Tribe (South Dakota) – Not Federally Recognized.

Dakota (Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. A large group of tribes speaking the Dakota language, known for their strong cultural identity and traditions.
Delaware (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Historically a large and powerful tribe, now known for their cultural preservation efforts and connection to the Lenape people.
Diegueño (California, Baja California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their rich language, traditional dances, and connection to the land.
Dine (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah) – Federally Recognized. Also known as the Navajo, they are known for their unique language, weaving traditions, and connection to the Four Corners region.

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (North Carolina) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Smoky Mountains, traditional crafts, and cultural preservation efforts.

Fort Belknap Indian Community (Montana) – Federally Recognized. A community of Assiniboine and Gros Ventre people, known for their resilience and dedication to their language and culture.
Fort Berthold Indian Reservation (North Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Home to the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara tribes, known for their agricultural traditions and connection to the Missouri River.
Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes (Montana) – Federally Recognized. A unique partnership between the Assiniboine and Sioux peoples, known for their strong cultural identity and traditions.
Fox (Iowa, Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Historically known for warrior culture, their connection to the Mississippi River, and their vibrant arts and crafts.

Gila River Indian Community (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. A community of Pima and Maricopa people, known for their agricultural traditions, cultural resilience, and economic development programs.
Grand Ronde Community of Oregon (Oregon) – Federally Recognized. A diverse group of tribes united under the Grand Ronde Reservation, committed to cultural preservation.

Haida (British Columbia, Alaska) – Recognized by the Canadian government and Federally Recognized. Known for their intricate wood carving, storytelling, and strong coastal culture.
Haliwa-Saponi (North Carolina) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to North Carolina, language preservation efforts, and cultural traditions.
Hopi (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their elaborate ceremonies, unique language, and connection to the Hopi Mesas.

Iroquois Confederacy (New York, Ontario) – A powerful alliance of six nations, including the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora, known for their political system, language, and cultural traditions.
Inupiaq (Alaska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their skills as hunters, their connection to the Arctic environment, and their rich cultural traditions.

Jemez Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Jicarilla Apache (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional crafts, and connection to the Jicarilla Apache Reservation.

Kalispel Tribe of Indians (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Spokane River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural preservation efforts.
Kiowa (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their warrior culture, storytelling traditions, and connection to the Southern Plains.
Kootenai (Montana, Idaho, British Columbia) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Kootenai River, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Kumeyaay (California, Baja California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the land, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.

Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe (Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Lac Courte Oreilles Lake, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural preservation efforts.
Lakota (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Montana) – Also known as the Teton Sioux, they are known for their warrior culture, connection to the Black Hills, and rich cultural traditions.
Lower Brule Sioux Tribe (South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Missouri River, their traditional dances, and their cultural resilience.
Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina (North Carolina) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique history and culture, their connection to the Lumbee River, and their strong community spirit.

Maidu (California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional basketry, and connection to the Sierra Nevada mountains.
Mandan (North Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Missouri River, their agricultural traditions, and their unique language.
Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin (Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Menominee River, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Miami Tribe of Oklahoma (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Great Lakes region, their language preservation efforts, and their cultural traditions.
Micmac (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec) – Recognized by the Canadian government. Known for their connection to the Atlantic Coast, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians (Mississippi) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Mississippi River, their traditional dances, and their cultural resilience.
Mohawk (New York, Ontario, Quebec) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their warrior culture, connection to the Mohawk River, and traditional crafts.
Mohegan Tribe (Connecticut) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to Connecticut, their cultural traditions, and their economic development programs.

Nanticoke (Maryland, Delaware) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Chesapeake Bay, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Navajo (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah) – Also known as the Dine, they are known for their unique language, weaving traditions, and connection to the Four Corners region.
Nez Perce (Idaho) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Nez Perce Trail, their peaceful resistance to U.S. expansion, and their cultural traditions.
Nipissing First Nation (Ontario, Canada) – Recognized by the Canadian government. Historically known for their connection to Lake Nipissing, traditional hunting and fishing practices, and cultural resilience.

Odawa (Michigan, Wisconsin) – Also known as the Ottawa, they are known for their connection to the Great Lakes, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural traditions.
Oglala Lakota (South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Black Hills, their historical resistance to U.S. expansion, and their cultural resilience.
Oneida (New York, Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their connection to the Oneida Lake, their cultural traditions, and their economic development programs.
Onondaga (New York) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their connection to Onondaga Lake, their cultural traditions, and their role in Iroquois governance.
Osage (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Plains, their unique language, and their historical resilience.
Ottawa (Michigan, Wisconsin) – Also known as the Odawa, they are known for their connection to the Great Lakes, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural traditions.

Paiute (Nevada, Oregon, California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Basin, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Pascua Yaqui Tribe (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Yaqui River, their traditional dances, and their cultural resilience.
Pawnee (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Plains, their historical resilience, and their unique language and cultural traditions.
Penobscot Nation (Maine) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Penobscot River, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Peoria Tribe of Indians (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Illinois River, their cultural traditions, and their language preservation efforts.
Pima (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Gila River, their agricultural traditions, and their cultural resilience.
Potawatomi (Michigan, Wisconsin, Kansas, Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Lakes, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural traditions.
Pueblo Tribes (New Mexico, Arizona) – Collectively represent a group of 19 tribes, each with their own unique language, cultural traditions, and connection to the land.
Puyallup Tribe of Indians (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to Puget Sound, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.

Quechan (Arizona, California) – Federally Recognized. Also known as the Yuma, they are known for their connection to the Colorado River, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians (Minnesota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to Red Lake, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Rosebud Sioux Tribe (South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Rosebud Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.

Sac and Fox Nation (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Historically known for their warrior culture, connection to the Mississippi River, and vibrant arts and crafts.
Salish (Washington, British Columbia) – Collectively represent a group of tribes speaking Salish languages, known for their connection to the Pacific Northwest, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural traditions.
San Carlos Apache Tribe (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the San Carlos Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Santa Ana Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Santa Clara Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Santa Domingo Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Santo Domingo Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Santee Sioux Nation (Nebraska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Missouri River, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Sauk (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Mississippi River, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Seneca (New York, Ontario) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their connection to the Genesee River, their cultural traditions, and their historical resilience.
Seminole Tribe of Florida (Florida) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical resilience, their connection to the Everglades, and their cultural traditions.
Shawnee (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Ohio River Valley, their language preservation efforts, and their cultural traditions.
Shoshone (Idaho, Nevada, Utah) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Great Basin, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Sioux (Great Plains) – A large group of tribes speaking Siouan languages, known for their warrior culture, connection to the Great Plains, and rich cultural traditions.
Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate (South Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Sisseton Wahpeton Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Skagit Tribe (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Skagit River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.
Snoqualmie Tribe (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Snoqualmie River, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Southern Ute Indian Tribe (Colorado) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Southern Ute Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Spokane Tribe of Indians (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Spokane River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe (North Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Missouri River, their historical resistance to U.S. expansion, and their cultural resilience.
St. Regis Mohawk Tribe (New York) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the St. Lawrence River, their cultural traditions, and their economic development programs.

Taos Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and strong community spirit.
Tlingit (Alaska, British Columbia) – Recognized by the Canadian government and Federally Recognized. Known for their intricate totem poles, storytelling, and strong coastal culture.
Tohono O’odham Nation (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Sonoran Desert, their traditional agriculture, and their cultural resilience.
Tonkawa (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to Texas, their language preservation efforts, and their cultural traditions.
Tsimshian (British Columbia) – Recognized by the Canadian government. Known for their intricate art, unique language, and their strong coastal culture.
Tuscarora (New York) – Federally Recognized. One of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for their connection to the Tuscarora River, their cultural traditions, and their historical resilience.
Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians (North Dakota) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Turtle Mountain Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.

Umatilla Tribe (Oregon) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Umatilla River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.
Unangan (Alaska) – Also known as the Aleut, they are known for their traditional seafaring and maritime skills.
Ute (Utah, Colorado) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Rocky Mountains, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.

Viejo Band of Mission Indians (California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Viejos Reservation, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Nevada, California) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to Lake Tahoe, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) (Massachusetts) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Pilgrims, their traditional arts and crafts, and their cultural resilience.
Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Great Plains, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska (Nebraska) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Great Lakes region, their cultural traditions, and their language preservation efforts.
Wisconsin Oneida Nation (Wisconsin) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Oneida Lake in Wisconsin, their cultural traditions, and their economic development programs.

Yakama Nation (Washington) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Yakima River, their traditional fishing practices, and their cultural resilience.
Yavapai-Apache Nation (Arizona) – Federally Recognized. Known for their connection to the Yavapai Reservation, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Yuchi (Oklahoma) – Federally Recognized. Known for their historical connection to the Southeastern United States, their unique language, and their cultural traditions.
Yuma (Arizona, California) – Also known as the Quechan, they are known for their connection to the Colorado River, their traditional crafts, and their cultural resilience.

Zuni Pueblo (New Mexico) – Federally Recognized. Known for their unique language, traditional pottery, and their strong community spirit.

Understanding Federal Recognition

Federal recognition by the U.S. government acknowledges a tribe’s sovereign status and allows for certain rights and benefits, including:

Self-governance: Tribes maintain the right to govern their own affairs.
Land ownership: Tribes hold land in trust by the U.S. government.
Funding: Tribes receive funding for various programs and services.
Legal standing: Recognition grants tribes standing to sue in federal court.

Beyond the List: Continued Exploration

This list provides a glimpse into the diverse world of Native American tribes. To delve deeper, consider exploring resources like:

National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI): Offers a comprehensive overview of Native American history, culture, and arts. https://www.nmai.si.edu/
Native American Rights Fund (NARF): Provides legal assistance and advocacy to Native American tribes. https://www.narf.org/
Tribal websites: Many tribes maintain their own websites with information about their history, culture, and services.

FAQ

Q: What is the difference between “tribe” and “nation”?

A: While “tribe” is a common term, many Indigenous communities prefer “nation” to emphasize their sovereignty and distinct political identities.

Q: Are all Native American tribes federally recognized?

A: No. There are many tribes that are not federally recognized, often due to historical circumstances or the complexities of the recognition process.

Q: How can I support Native American tribes?

A: There are many ways to support Native American communities:

Learn about their history and culture.
Support Native-owned businesses.
Donate to organizations that advocate for Native American rights.
Engage with Native American art and storytelling.

Conclusion

We hope this comprehensive list of over 100 Native American tribes has been helpful. It’s important to note that this is not an exhaustive list, as there are many more tribes that were not included for various reasons, including a lack of reliable documentation, cultural sensitivity, or to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes. As you continue to learn about Native American history and cultures, remember that each tribe has its own unique story, traditions, and struggles. It’s important to approach this knowledge with respect and understanding, and we encourage you to explore these histories further.

Furthermore, it’s vital to recognize that the term “tribe” is often used interchangeably with “nation” and “people.” The distinction is important because it emphasizes the sovereignty and self-governance of these communities. Many Native American nations have their own distinct languages, customs, and governance systems, and it is important to acknowledge their autonomy and self-determination. By respecting the diverse identities and histories of these nations, we can contribute to a more inclusive and equitable understanding of the past and present.

Finally, we encourage you to support organizations that work to preserve Native American languages, cultures, and traditions. By engaging with the work of these groups, you can help to ensure the continued survival of Native American communities and contribute to a more inclusive and respectful world. This journey of learning and understanding is ongoing, and we hope this list serves as a valuable starting point for your own exploration of the rich and vibrant history of Native American peoples.

100+ Native American Tribes: A Comprehensive List of Names

100+ Native American Tribes: A Comprehensive List of Names

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